土壤病毒之奥秘:研究进展、挑战及未来展望

Mystery of soil viruses: advances, challenges, and perspectives

摘要:

土壤病毒是土壤生物多样性的重要组成部分，数量繁多，在调控微生物多样性、群落组成和养分循环等方面具有重要的生态功能。然而，由于土壤自身的复杂性及其动态变化特征，病毒在土壤生态系统中发挥的功能及其作用机理，一直是该研究领域的薄弱环节，也是当前土壤生物学、微生态学和环境科学等领域的研究热点和前沿。近年来，分子生物学技术的突破及生态学理论的广泛应用极大地推动了土壤病毒研究领域的发展。为客观全面地分析土壤病毒研究领域的动态和热点，本研究借助文献计量分析方法，对土壤病毒研究现状及热点进行了综述，展示了土壤病毒研究的发展态势，并结合土壤环境特征，对土壤病毒研究领域未来发展方向进行了展望，主要包括土壤病毒多样性、生物学特征、环境影响因素、作用机制及其在农业上的应用。随着多学科交叉融合及研究技术手段的进步，土壤病毒研究迎来了一个高速发展阶段，而土壤病毒研究在养分循环、生态系统服务及生物调控等方面所取得的重要成果，可以更好地服务于土壤健康以及碳中和计划。

Abstract:

Soil viruses are the most abundant biological entities on Earth. They play important roles in the regulation of host dynamics and soil ecosystem, including microbial diversity, community composition, and element cycling. However, due to the tremendous complexity of the soil ecosystem, the incredible functions of soil viruses and the underlying functioning mechanisms remain largely unexplored and represent a hot topic and frontier in soil biology, microbial ecology, and environmental science. The recent advances in molecular biotechnology and the widespread application of ecological theories have significantly boosted the research on soil viruses. To provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art knowledge of soil virology, we conducted a literature review using bibliometric methods. This paper offers an overview of the current status and hotspots in soil virus research, shedding light on the development in this field. Taking into account the characteristics of soil environments, the study presents the future prospects for soil virus research, including the diversity, biological characteristics, environmental factors, mechanisms, and applications of soil viruses. With the interdisciplinary integration and advancements in research technologies, soil virus research is experiencing rapid growth. The noteworthy achievements in nutrient cycling, ecosystem services, and biological regulation through soil virus research can contribute to soil health and carbon neutrality initiatives.