山西运城盐湖土壤沉积物细菌多样性及影响因素分析

Bacterial diversity and influencing factors in soil sediments of Yuncheng Salt Lake, Shanxi

摘要:

地处山西省西南部的运城盐湖历史悠久，气候特征与地理环境独特，蕴藏着丰富的微生物资源，研究其土壤沉积物生态系统对了解盐碱地土壤细菌多样性及其功能具有重要意义。【目的】探究运城盐湖土壤与沉积物中细菌的多样性，分析其影响因素，为盐碱地土壤生态系统的可持续管理和纯培养物挖掘提供科学依据与参考。【方法】对运城盐湖6个采样点的18个样品进行土壤理化分析，结合16S rRNA基因的扩增子高通量测序，分析环境因素对细菌多样性的影响。【结果】假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)和芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)为运城盐湖土壤微生物的优势类群，多样性和群落组成分析显示不同采样点间的微生物存在明显差异。典型相关分析(canonical correlation analysis, CCA)表明，总溶解固体(total dissolved solids, TDS)、总氮(total nitrogen, TN)、总碳(total carbon, TC)和SO₄^2-对土壤微生物多样性的影响最大，其次为Na⁺、Ca²⁺、Cl^-、土壤有效磷(available phosphorous, A-P)和pH，HCO₃^-、硝态氮(nitrate nitrogen, NO₃^--N)、氨态氮(ammonia nitrogen, NH₄⁺-N)、K⁺和Mg²⁺的影响较小。【结论】运城盐湖土壤微生物拥有较高的多样性，与环境因子关系密切。本研究完善了运城盐湖土壤细菌资源的生物信息，为盐湖细菌资源的挖掘和研究提供了理论依据。

Abstract:

Yuncheng Salt Lake, located in the southwest of Shanxi Province, has a long history and unique climatic and geographical features, harboring rich microbial resources. The soil ecosystem is of great significance for understanding the diversity and functions of bacteria in the saline-alkali soil. [Objective] To explore the diversity of bacteria in the soil and sediment of Yuncheng Salt Lake, analyze its influencing factors, and provide a scientific basis and reference for the sustainable management of saline-alkali soil ecosystems and the mining of pure cultures. [Methods] Eighteen soil samples were collected from six sampling sites of Yuncheng Salt Lake. We measured the soil physicochemical properties and carried out high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to analyze the impact of environmental factors on bacterial diversity. [Results] Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota, and Bacillota were the dominant bacteria in the soil of Yuncheng Salt Lake. The bacterial diversity and community composition showed significant differences among different sampling sites. The results of canonical correlation analysis indicated that total dissolved solids (TDS), total nitrogen (TN), total carbon (TC), and SO₄^2- had the greatest impacts on soil microbial diversity, followed by Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl^-, available phosphorous (A-P), and pH. HCO₃^-, nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N), ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N), K⁺, and Mg²⁺ had mild impacts on the diversity. [Conclusion] The soil microorganisms of Yuncheng Salt Lake had high diversity which was closely related to environmental factors. This study provides comprehensive biological information on the bacterial resources in the soil of Yuncheng Salt Lake, offering a theoretical basis for the exploration and research of bacterial resources in this lake.