高寒煤矿渣山植被恢复过程中土壤生物化学性质与真菌多样性变异特征研究

Variations of soil biochemical properties and fungal diversity in alpine coal mine residue hills during vegetation restoration

摘要:

【目的】探究不同恢复年限煤矿渣山土壤真菌多样性的变化规律。【方法】选取江仓矿区渣山不同建植年限(2、4、6年)草地土壤为研究对象，测定土壤化学性质及酶活性，并利用高通量测序方法测定土壤真菌多样性。【结果】随着恢复年限的增长，土壤pH、土壤全钾和有机质含量呈现差异显著性，蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶以及磷酸酶含量逐渐上升，并提高了真菌群落的丰富度与多样性，其中复绿4年的效果最为明显。各样地主要以子囊菌门、担子菌门为主；腐生营养型真菌占43.2%-89.7%。氮素、土壤酶活性是影响江仓煤矿区草地土壤真菌多样性的主要因素。【结论】复绿能够改善土壤化学性质以及土壤真菌群落多样性。

Abstract:

[Objective] To study the variations of soil fungal diversity in the coal mine residue hills with vegetation restored for different years.[Methods] We selected the soil on the coal mine reside hills of Jiangcang Mine with different planting years (2, 4, and 6 years) as the research object, measured the soil chemical property and enzyme activity, and used high-throughput sequencing methods to measure the soil fungal diversity. [Results] As the duration of restoration increased, significant differences were observed in soil pH, total potassium, and organic matter. The activities of enzymes such as sucrase, urease, catalase, and phosphatase gradually increased, which enhanced the fungal richness and diversity in soil. The variations were more obvious after four years of restoration. The fungi were primarily dominated by Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, with saprophytic fungi accounting for 43.2%–89.7%. Nitrogen content and soil enzyme activity were the key factors influencing fungal diversity in the grasslands of the coal mine area in Jiangcang. [Conclusion] Vegetation restoration can improve the chemical properties and fungal diversity in soil.