细菌纤维素合酶的基本特性及作用机理

Basic characteristics and catalysis mechanism of bacterial cellulose synthase

摘要:

细菌纤维素是一种天然的生物质高分子聚合物。相较于植物纤维素，其具有更高的纯度和优异的力学性能。有望作为一种绿色的新型高分子材料被广泛应用。细菌纤维素合酶作为合成细菌纤维素的关键酶，其主导细菌纤维素的合成过程。因此，对其合成机理的探索有助于实现细菌纤维素大量生产和广泛应用。本文从细菌纤维素合酶的基本特性出发，综述了菌种筛选、提升产量和合酶的细胞定位等内容；围绕纤维素合酶的作用机理阐述了体外合成方法的影响因素，以及利用该方法探究各亚基相关作用的现状。以此探究细菌纤维素合酶的合成机制，并提出了当前研究中存在的问题。同时，展望了该领域未来的研究方向，以期通过对合成机理的探讨为细菌纤维素的大规模应用提供理论基础。

Abstract:

Bacterial cellulose, a natural biopolymer with higher purity and better mechanical properties than plant cellulose, is expected to be widely used as a new green polymer material. A variety of bacteria have now been proven to have the ability to produce cellulose, in which bacterial cellulose synthase plays a crucial role. Therefore, understanding the catalysis mechanism of bacterial cellulose synthase is a key to the mass production and broad utilization of bacterial cellulose. This paper reviews the basic properties of bacterial cellulose synthase, including the screening of strains, the enhancement of yield, and the cellular localization of the synthase, aiming to promote the research on the catalysis mechanism of cellulose synthase. Further, based on the mechanism of cellulose synthase, this paper detail the influencing factors of in vitro synthesis and review the research progress in the roles of each subunit of this synthesis method. We explore the catalysis mechanism of bacterial cellulose synthase, point out the problems in the current research, and envision the future research directions in this field, with a view to providing a theoretical basis for the large-scale application of bacterial cellulose by deciphering the synthesis mechanism.