儿童肠道菌群与食物过敏关系的研究进展

Research progress in the relationship between gut microbiota and food allergy in children

摘要:

食物过敏(food allergy, FA)在儿童中的发生率逐年升高，严重影响其生活质量，已经成为全球面临的公共卫生问题之一。近年来，人们发现FA儿童的肠道菌群组成与健康儿童有显著差异。深入研究发现，肠道菌群可通过调节树突状细胞、辅助性T细胞、调节性T细胞、肥大细胞和粒细胞等免疫细胞维持免疫平衡，也可通过多种方式增强肠道屏障功能，抑制FA的发生。在已有研究基础上，益生菌和益生元在治疗儿童FA方面也得到了一定应用，但目前的应用效果并不明确。本文以婴幼儿FA在全球范围内患者规模日益扩大为背景，综述了肠道菌群影响FA的部分机制，总结了近年部分益生菌和益生元在治疗和预防婴幼儿FA方面的应用，并为肠道菌群在FA发生和发展中的作用机制研究和益生菌及其相关代谢产物在儿童FA治疗和预防中的应用提出了新思路，对促进婴幼儿FA治疗方法和策略的研究有重要意义。

关键词:食物过敏;儿童;肠道菌群;益生菌

Abstract:

Food allergy (FA) with growing incidence has emerged as one of the public health problems around the world as it seriously affects the life quality of children. Recent studies have discovered that there are significant differences in the composition of gut microbiota between the children with FA and healthy children. In-depth studies have reported that gut microbiota can help to maintain immune balance by regulating immune cells such as dendritic cells, helper T cells, regulatory T cells, mastocytes, and granulocytes. In addition, gut microbiota can enhance the intestinal barrier function to inhibit FA in a variety of ways. On the basis of research results from animal experiments, probiotics and prebiotics have been used in the treatment of FA in children, whereas the effect is not ideal. As FA occurs in a growing number of children in the world, this article reviews some mechanisms of gut microbiota in influencing FA and summarizes the application of probiotics and prebiotics in the treatment and prevention of FA in children in recent years. Furthermore, this article proposes new ideas for deciphering the mechanism of gut microbiota in regulating FA and applying probiotics and probiotic metabolites in the treatment and prevention of FA in children, which is of great significance for promoting the research on the treatment of FA in children.

Key words:food allergy;children;gut microbiota;probiotics