地衣芽孢杆菌HDTN对817肉鸡生长性能及肠道菌群的影响

Effects of Bacillus licheniformis HDTN on growth performance and intestinal flora of ‘817’ broilers

摘要:

“饲料禁抗”对于畜牧养殖业而言是个重要转折点，标志着饲料行业和养殖行业步入转型升级的新阶段。【目的】探究饲料中添加地衣芽孢杆菌HDTN对817肉鸡生长性能及肠道菌群的影响。【方法】将地衣芽孢杆菌HDTN菌粉(7.0×10¹⁰ CFU/g)添加至饲料中饲喂817肉鸡，探究不同添加剂量(高剂量组：1 000 g/t；中剂量组：500 g/t；低剂量组：250 g/t；对照组：0 g/t)在1−56 d内对817肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标、肠道形态及菌群结构的影响。【结果】与对照组相比 1−35 d添加低剂量地衣芽孢杆菌HDTN可以使肉鸡平均体重(average body weight, ABW)显著提高105.47 g (P<0.01)，料重比显著降低0.25 (P<0.05)。肉鸡血清中部分抗氧化指标的含量与HDTN添加量呈正相关，从而减少肉鸡氧化应激。丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)含量与HDTN添加量呈负相关，提示HDTN可以减少肉鸡细胞损伤。肠道切片结果显示低剂量组十二指肠的肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值(villus height/crypt depth, VH/CD)显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。另外中剂量组(P<0.01)、低剂量组(P<0.05)的厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)菌群丰度显著上升，中剂量组拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)的菌群丰度同样出现显著上升(P<0.05)。【结论】在1−35 d添加低剂量地衣芽孢杆菌HDTN，可以提高817肉鸡生长性能、降低料重比、改善肠道形态并加快建立肠道优势菌群。

Abstract:

The proposal of ban on antibiotics in feed is a turning point for the animal husbandry, marking that the feed industry and animal husbandry have entered a new stage of transformation and upgrading. [Objective] To investigate the effects of adding Bacillus licheniformis HDTN to feed on the growth performance and intestinal flora of ‘817’ broilers. [Methods] B. licheniformis HDTN powder (7.0×10¹⁰ CFU/g) was added to the feed for ‘817’ broilers. The effects of high-, medium-, and low-dose (1 000, 500, and 250 g/t) bacterial addition on the growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, intestinal morphology, and intestinal flora structure of the ‘817’ broilers during 1-56 days were studied, with the group without bacterial addition as the control. [Results] Compared with the control group, the addition of low-dose B. licheniformis HDTN increased the average body weight by 105.47 g (P<0.01) and reduced the feed-to-weight ratio by 0.25 (P<0.05) during days 1-35. The antioxidant indexes in the broiler serum were positively correlated with the dose of HDTN, which reduced oxidative stress in broilers. The content of malondialdehyde was negatively correlated with the dose of HDTN, which suggested that HDTN reduced cellular damage in broilers. The ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the duodenum of the low-dose group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.01). In addition, compared with the control group, medium-dose (P<0.01) and low-dose (P<0.05) groups showed increased relative abundance of Firmicutes, and the medium-dose group showed increased relative abundance of Bacteroides (P<0.05). [Conclusion] Addition of low-dose B. licheniformis HDTN for ‘817’ broilers can improve the growth performance, reduce the feed-to-weight ratio, improve the intestinal morphology, and accelerate the assembly of intestinal flora during days 1-35.