大肠埃希菌生物被膜基因调控研究进展

Research progress in gene regulation of Escherichia coli biofilm formation

摘要:

大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli)是一种兼性厌氧、有鞭毛的革兰氏阴性短杆菌，常寄生于人和动物肠道内，是常见的人畜共患病病原之一。大肠埃希菌易形成生物被膜，这是一种由细菌群落分泌能够包裹自身的胞外基质与细菌结合形成的特殊聚集体，也是临床细菌感染疾病难以治愈的主要原因。生物被膜的形成不仅帮助细菌逃避宿主的防御系统，还可以降低或阻止药物发挥作用，从而诱发生物被膜相关感染(biofilm-associated infections, BAI)。本文从生物被膜形成的基因调控系统和相关调控蛋白等角度，归纳总结调控大肠埃希菌生物被膜形成的分子机制，并对防治BAI的策略进行了概述，为寻找合适的药物靶点以及防治BAI提供参考。

关键词:大肠埃希菌;生物被膜;基因调控;生物被膜相关感染

Abstract:

Escherichia coli, a facultative anaerobic, flagellated, Gram-negative rod bacterium commonly parasitic in the intestines of humans and animals, is one of the common zoonotic pathogens. E. coli is easy to form biofilms, which are special aggregates formed by bacterial cells attached to each other and encased with self-produced extracellular matrix. Biofilm formation is a major reason for the difficulty in curing bacterial infectious diseases in clinical practice. It not only helps bacteria evade the host defense system but also reduces or prevents drugs from working, thereby inducing biofilm-associated infections (BAIs). This review introduces the molecular mechanism of E. coli biofilm formation from the perspective of the gene regulatory system and related regulatory proteins and summarizes the strategies for the prevention and treatment of BAIs, providing references for finding appropriate drug targets and preventing BAIs.

Key words:Escherichia coli;biofilm;gene regulation;biofilm-associated infections