Abstract:[Objective] To investigate the acclimation mechanisms of straw-decomposing microbiomes in response to historically different climate conditions as characterized by extreme temperature distinction, we collected two native forest soil samples from the tropical (annual mean temperature: 25 ℃) and cold-temperate (annual mean temperature: −2 ℃) zones at a distance of 3 860 km. [Methods] Microcosm incubation was conducted at a low temperature (10 ℃), a high temperature (35 ℃), and alternated high and low temperatures (10 ℃/35 ℃). The two native forest soil samples were inoculated for targeted cultivation of straw-decomposing microbiomes. After 12 consecutive weeks of passage, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was carried out to analyze the microbial community composition. [Results] At 10 ℃, higher straw decomposition rate was observed in the forest soil from Changbai Mountain in the cold-temperate zone (15.5%) than that from the tropical zone. At 35 ℃, the decomposition rate in the soil from Sanya in the tropical zone (33.1%) was higher than that from Changbai Mountain The results of linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) showed that the dominant straw-decomposing genera included Duganella, Pedobacter, Janthinobacterium, and Serratia after 12 weeks of enrichment at 10 ℃ with the forest soil from Changbai Mountain. The dominant genera were Paenibacillus and Rhodanobacter after enrichment at 35 ℃, and Stenotrophomonas, Burkholderia, and Achromobacter after enrichment at 10 ℃/35 ℃. As for the forest soil from the tropical zone, the enriched dominant genera were Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Flavobacterium at 10 ℃, Cupriavidus at 35 ℃, and Enterobacter and Cohnella at 10 ℃/35 ℃. [Conclusion] This study revealed the indicator microbial species for straw decomposition at different temperatures in native forest soils from geographically highly distinct regions with a 3 860 km distance. The results suggest that temperature could have likely played a pivotal role in shaping the microbiomes for straw decomposition. The findings provide a scientific basis for mining the straw-decomposing microbial resources in the cold zone in northeast China and the tropical zone in south China.
