撕裂蜡孔菌活化土壤氮磷及其对豆科作物生长的影响

Ceriporia lacerata mobilizes soil nitrogen and phosphorus to promote the growth of leguminous crops

摘要:

【目的】 利用微生物活化土壤中的原本无效养分种植豆科作物，有益于土地资源的长期可持续利用。【方法】 利用自主分离的白腐真菌撕裂蜡孔菌新株(Ceriporia lacerata) HG2011，通过培养和田间微区试验，研究C. lacerata的分泌作用、土壤氮磷活化以及对绿豆和光叶紫花苕养分吸收、生长和产量的影响。【结果】 C. lacerata能分泌纤维素酶、几丁质酶、β-l,3-葡聚糖酶、蛋白酶、磷酸酶和铁载体，溶解Ca₃(PO₄)₂；在土壤表面，C. lacerata形成菌落，其菌丝伸入土壤，降低土壤pH，提高有效氮磷含量，进而增强蛋白酶和磷酸酶活性；接种C. lacerata改善了土壤氮磷供应能力，增强根系活力，促进根系生长、根瘤形成和发育，提高作物养分积累量，增加绿豆籽粒产量和苕子生物量。【结论】 C. lacerata能在土壤中定殖，活化土壤氮磷，提高肥料利用率，促进绿豆和苕子生长。C. lacerata以木屑、秸秆和谷壳等农林有机废弃物为基质，容易培养，菌剂生产成本低廉。本研究为活化土壤养分，促进绿豆和苕子等豆科作物生长，保育耕地提供了新策略。

Abstract:

[Objective] To use microorganisms to mobilize unavailable nutrients in soil for the utilization by leguminous crops and the sustainable and long-term utilization of soil resources. [Methods] Microbial culture and micro-plot experiments were carried out with Ceriporia lacerata HG2011, a new isolate of white-rot fungus, to investigate the fungal secretion, soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) mobilization, and influences on the nutrient uptake, growth, and yields of Vigna radiata and Vicia villosa. [Results] C. lacerata released cellulase, chitinase, β-l,3-glucanase, protease, phosphatase, and siderophore, and dissolved Ca₃(PO₄)₂ in pure culture. After being inoculated on the soil surface, this fungus formed colonies, with some mycelia extending into the soil, which decrease soil pH but increase the content of NH₄⁺-N, alkali-hydrolyzed N, water-soluble P and Olsen P, and the activities of protease and phosphatase. In general, C. lacerata inoculation improved soil N and P supplies, enhanced root activity, and promoted root growth, nodule formation and development, thus increasing the nutrient uptake, grain yield of V. radiata, and biomass of V. villosa. [Conclusion] C. lacerata dwelling in soil mobilized soil N and P to increase fertilizer use efficiency and promote crop growth. C. lacerata can be cultured with sawdust, straw, husk and other organic agricultural and forestry wastes, with low production costs. This study provides a new strategy for mobilizing soil nutrients, promoting the growth of leguminous crops such as V. radiata and V. villosa, and benefiting the conservation and sustainable use of cultivated lands.