中药活性成分通过调控肠道菌群改善2型糖尿病的作用研究进展

Research progress in the role of active components of traditional Chinese medicine in ameliorating type 2 diabetes mellitus by regulating gut microbiota

摘要:

2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM)是慢性代谢疾病之一，因高患病率成为当今全球性公共健康难题。肠道菌群在T2DM的发生和发展中发挥重要作用，通过调节肠道菌群治疗T2DM已经成为当前研究的焦点。近年来，已有研究表明中药在改善T2DM的同时使肠道菌群发生变化，但中药是否通过调控肠道菌群发挥药理作用尚不明确。中药富含的多种活性成分是中药发挥药理作用的关键。因此，本文系统总结了中药多糖类、生物碱类、黄酮类、皂苷类及其他类活性成分调节肠道菌群干预T2DM的研究进展，旨在为中药预防和治疗T2DM作用提供更充分的理论依据，这对加速中药现代化具有重要意义。

Abstract:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) stands as a chronic metabolic disorder posing a challenge to global public health, owing to its widespread prevalence. The intricate interplay between gut microbiota and the onset and progression of T2DM, along with the potential therapeutic benefits of modulating gut microbiota, has emerged as a focal point in contemporary research. Recent studies have underscored the capacity of traditional Chinese medicine to ameliorate T2DM by inducing alterations in gut microbiota. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms underlying the pharmacological actions of traditional Chinese medicine via gut microbiota regulation remain elusive. The diverse bioactive compounds in traditional Chinese medicine play pivotal roles in eliciting its pharmacological effects. This article systematically reviews the advancements in the research concerning the modulation of gut microbiota for T2DM intervention by a spectrum of bioactive components in traditional Chinese medicine, encompassing polysaccharides, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and other compounds. The objective of this review is to furnish a comprehensive theoretical framework supporting the preventive and therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine in T2DM management, thereby significantly contributing to the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.