微藻葡萄糖磷酸变位酶研究进展

Research progress of phosphoglucomutases from microalgae

摘要:

葡萄糖-1-磷酸是光自养生物淀粉合成的前体物质。葡萄糖磷酸变位酶(phosphoglucomutase, PGM)属于磷酸己糖变位酶家族，具有较高的保守性，能介导葡萄糖-6-磷酸与葡萄糖-1-磷酸相互转化，调节植物和藻类细胞淀粉合成。与高等植物相比，微藻具有独特的光合系统，一些微藻藻株可以利用有机碳源进行异养培养或混养培养，这可能赋予微藻葡萄糖磷酸变位酶特殊的结构和淀粉代谢功能，调节微藻光合固碳、糖类代谢等通路的水平。本文综述了微藻PGM分子特性、生物学功能和调控PGM活性潜在机制及策略，阐明PGM调节微藻淀粉合成对胞内蛋白质、油脂等代谢通路的潜在影响机制，为微藻固碳和高值化开发微藻资源提供理论依据，助力我国“双碳”目标奠定理论基础。

Abstract:

Glucose-1-phosphate is a key precursor for starch biosynthesis of photoautotrophs. Phosphoglucomutases (PGMs) belonging to the phosphohexomutase family have a high conserved characteristic and perform the interconversion between glucose-6-phosphate and glucose-1-phosphate to regulate the starch biosynthesis. Compared with the higher plants, microalgae possess unique photosynthetic systems. Additionally, some microalgae strains can utilize organic carbon sources to produce valuable biomass by heterotrophic or mixotrophic cultivation, which might endow PGMs with specific structural features and biological functions in starch metabolism to regulate the levels of carbon fixation by photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and other pathways in microalgae. This article summarizes the molecular characteristics, functions, and activity regulation of PGMs for microalgae. Moreover, this article elucidates the potential mechanisms by which PGMs regulate microalgae starch synthesis to influence intracellular protein and lipid metabolic pathways. This review lays a theoretical foundation for microalgae carbon sequestration and the value-added utilization of microalgae resources, contributing to the achievement of China’s “dual-carbon” goals.