健康和子宫蓄脓猫的子宫菌群多样性

Diversity of uterine microbiota in healthy felines and felines with pyometra

摘要:

【目的】本研究通过测定健康猫和子宫蓄脓猫子宫菌群的变化，旨在揭示子宫蓄脓猫的子宫菌群的变化，并探究引起子宫蓄脓的主要病原菌。【方法】采用全长16S rRNA基因测序技术测定健康猫和子宫蓄脓猫子宫微生物组，分析子宫菌群组成及其差异。使用鉴别培养基对关键菌种进行分离鉴定。【结果】健康猫子宫核心菌属为不动杆菌属、假单胞菌属、嗜麦芽寡氧单胞菌属、魏斯氏菌属等；而子宫蓄脓猫子宫优势菌属为埃希氏-志贺氏菌属，优势菌种为大肠埃希菌。功能预测分析表明，子宫蓄脓组蛋白质的输出、氨基酸相关酶、内质网中蛋白质加工、氨酰tRNA生物合成相关通路显著降低。分离鉴定结果显示子宫蓄脓猫子宫内的优势菌种为大肠埃希菌种，分离株均属于B2型，hylA、fimH、iroN、cnf1、papC、kpsMTⅡ、iutA基因多呈阳性。【结论】本研究分析了健康猫和患子宫蓄脓猫子宫中菌群差异，其中健康猫子宫中优势菌群以非致病菌为主，而罹患子宫蓄脓的猫子宫中优势菌群发生显著改变，其中大肠埃希菌是猫蓄脓子宫中的主要菌种且存在多种毒力基因，为治疗猫子宫蓄脓提供了参考。

关键词:猫;子宫菌群;子宫蓄脓;16S rRNA基因;大肠埃希菌;毒力基因

Abstract:

[Objective] We characterized the uterine microbiota in healthy felines and felines with pyometra, aiming to reveal the effect of pyometra on the uterine microbiota of felines and explore the potential pathogens causing pyometra. [Methods] High-throughput sequencing of the full-length 16S rRNA gene was employed to determine and compare the uterine microbiota in healthy felines and felines with pyometra. The key strains were isolated and identified by the culture method. [Results] The dominant bacterial genera in the uterus of healthy felines were Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, and Weissella. The dominant bacterial genus and species in the uterus of felines with pyometra were Escherichia-Shigella and Escherichia coli, respectively. Functional prediction showed that pathways such as protein export, amino acid-related enzymes, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, and aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis in the pyometra group were significantly reduced. The results of isolation and identification showed that the prevalent bacterial species in the uterus of felines with pyometra was E. coli. The isolates all belonged to the phylogroup B2 and were mostly tested positive for hylA, fimH, iroN, cnf1, papC, kpsMTII, and iutA. [Conclusion] We compared the uterine microbiota in healthy felines and felines with pyometra. The dominant bacteria in the uterus of healthy felines were mostly non-pathogenic, while those in the uterus of felines with pyometra changed significantly, with E. coli being dominant and carrying multiple virulence genes. The findings provide a theoretical basis for treating pyometra in felines.

Key words:feline;uterine microbiota;pyometra;16S rRNA gene;Escherichia coli;virulence gene