天然生物活性分子抗伪狂犬病病毒感染的研究进展

Research progress on natural bioactive molecules against pseudorabies virus infection

摘要:

伪狂犬病病毒(pseudorabies virus,PRV)是疱疹病毒科水痘病毒属的成员，主要引起以母猪流产、仔猪神经和呼吸道症状为特征的伪狂犬病，对生猪养殖生产造成极大的威胁。疫苗免疫是预防猪伪狂犬病最重要的措施，但因病毒发生变异和具有潜伏感染特性，导致传统疫苗防治效果不佳。因此，临床上急需新的药物制剂辅助疫苗免疫来防治该病。研究发现，天然植物类多糖及黄酮、酚、酸等小分子物质能够通过直接抑制病毒感染过程或者通过调节免疫反应抑制PRV感染。另外，宿主抗病毒蛋白I型干扰素及其下游干扰素刺激基因对PRV的感染也具有显著的抑制作用，抗菌肽和防御素等宿主防御肽对PRV的感染也有较好的抑制作用。另外，研究人员最近发现，细菌和真菌的提取物及其代谢产物也具有抗PRV的作用，未来有望将细菌和真菌及其产物应用于病毒病的防控和治疗。本文重点讨论了近年天然生物活性分子抗PRV感染的相关研究进展，以期为抗PRV感染药物的研发提供重要参考。

Abstract:

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a member of the genus Varicellovirus in the Herpesviridae family.It primarily causes pseudorabies characterized by reproductive failure in sows,and neurological and respiratory symptoms in piglets,posing a significant threat to pig production.Vaccination is the most important measure to prevent PRV in pigs.However,due to variations of the virus and its latent infection characteristics,the effectiveness of traditional vaccines is compromised.Consequently,there is an urgent need for new drug preparations to assist vaccine immunization.It has been found that natural plant polysaccharides and small molecules such as flavonoids,phenols,and acids can inhibit PRV infection either by directly blocking the viral infection process or by regulating the immune response.In addition,host antiviral protein type I interferon and its downstream interferon-stimulated genes have significant inhibitory effects on PRV infection.Host defense peptides,including antimicrobial peptides and defensins,also show good inhibitory effects on PRV infection.Interestingly,researchers have recently found that extracts and metabolites from bacteria and fungi also exhibit anti-PRV effects,and it is expected that these bacteria and fungi and their products could be applied for the prevention and treatment of viral diseases in the future.This study focused on the recent research progress of natural bioactive molecules against PRV infection,aiming to provide important references for the research and development of anti-PRV infection drugs.