真菌几丁质酶研究进展

Research progress in fungal chitinases

摘要:

几丁质是一种由N-乙酰葡萄糖胺通过β-1,4糖苷键连接聚合而成的多糖，在全球陆地和水生生态系统中普遍存在，是地球上最丰富的有机大分子多聚物之一。几丁质酶是一类催化几丁质降解的酶类，其不仅是基础研究的研究重点，而且在农业、医药和环境科学等多个领域展现出广泛的应用潜力。本文系统地概括了真菌几丁质酶的分类体系，探讨了它们在不同真菌类群中的分布特征，以及在酵母和丝状真菌等中的生物学功能。本文还详细分析了几丁质酶的酶学特性，并介绍了其在农业病虫害防治、疾病治疗和几丁质寡糖生产等方面的应用，还讨论了未来真菌几丁质酶研究方向。本文将为真菌几丁质酶的研究提供新的视角。

Abstract:

Chitin is a polysaccharide that is polymerized by N-acetylglucosamine through β-1,4 glycosidic linkages and ubiquitous in the global terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Chitin is one of the most abundant organic macromolecular polymers on earth. Chitinases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the degradation of chitin. Chitinases are not only the focus of basic research but also have shown broad application potential in a variety of fields such as agriculture, medicine, and environmental science. This paper systematically reviewed the research progress in fungal chitinases in terms of the classification, distribution characteristics in different fungal taxa, biological functions in yeasts and filamentous fungi, enzymatic characteristics, and applications in agricultural pest and disease control, disease treatment, and production of chitooligosaccharides. Furthermore, we discussed the future research directions of fungal chitinases. This paper provides new perspectives for the study of fungal chitinases.