极端微生物降解木质素的研究进展

Lignin degradation by extremophiles

摘要:

木质素是自然界最丰富的芳香族生物聚合物资源，由于其复杂性和高度聚合的芳香族结构，木质素很难被普通微生物降解。来自极端环境的木质素降解微生物被认为是木质素生物加工的合适候选者。本文对几类能够降解木质素的极端微生物及其产生的极端酶进行了归纳总结，并阐明了极端酶的性质、催化机制及其代谢途径。讨论了通过多组学方法鉴定新型极端微生物和极端酶的前景，并对极端微生物的开发和利用方法进行了展望，以期为后续筛选和开发更加高效的木质素降解菌株提供参考。

Abstract:

Lignin, the most abundant aromatic biopolymer resource in the nature, is difficult to be degraded by common microorganisms due to its complexity and highly aggregated aromatic structure. Lignin-degrading microorganisms from extreme environments are considered as suitable candidates for lignin bioprocessing. This review summarizes several types of extremophiles capable of degrading lignin and the extremozymes produced by them and elucidates the properties, catalytic mechanisms, and metabolic pathways of the extremozymes. Furthermore, this article discusses the prospects for the identification of novel extremophiles and extremozymes by multi-omics and makes an outlook on the development and utilization methods of extremophiles, with a view to providing a reference for the subsequent screening and development of more efficient lignin-degrading strains.