大熊猫肠道菌群的影响因素研究进展

Research progress in the influencing factors of the gut microbiota in giant pandas

摘要:

大熊猫拥有肉食性动物典型的消化系统，却以竹子为唯一的食物来源，这种看似矛盾的特性实际上孕育了其独特的肠道微生物群落。随着科学技术的进步，对大熊猫肠道微生物的认识已经从简单的菌种分离，发展到深入研究微生物与宿主代谢的相互作用以及功能的预测。本文综合分析了影响大熊猫肠道细菌和真菌群落结构的因素，包括饮食的改变、年龄的增长、生活环境的差异以及健康状况的波动。同时，本文还总结了这些因素如何影响微生物的代谢功能，旨在为深入研究大熊猫肠道微生物的结构和功能提供理论基础。通过这些研究，可以探索新的方法来改善和平衡大熊猫的肠道微生态环境，进而助力大熊猫种群保护。

Abstract:

Giant pandas, despite having the digestive systems of carnivores, have evolved to thrive on a bamboo-based vegetarian diet, which results in a unique gut microbiota. With the advancement of science and technology, our understanding of the gut microbiota of giant pandas has evolved from simple strain isolation to exploring the intricate relationship between the microbiota and metabolic functions of the hosts as well as predicting the functions of the microbiota. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of the bacterial and fungal communities in giant pandas, examining the effects of the factors such as age, diet, habitat, and health conditions on gut microbiota. Furthermore, we discuss how these factors influence the metabolism of the gut microbiota. This review is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the future research on the intricate structure and functions of gut microbiota in giant pandas. The knowledge can pave the way for innovating the measures to enhance and stabilize the gut microecological environment, ultimately contributing to the conservation of giant pandas.