空气微生物的分布特征及潜在健康风险的研究现状

Distribution characteristics and potential health risks of airborne microorganisms

摘要:

空气微生物无处不在，主要包括细菌、真菌和病毒等，是大气生态系统中不可或缺的组成部分，对维持大气生态系统的稳定性和功能具有重要意义。空气微生物中不仅包含有益微生物，也潜在大量威胁人类健康的病原微生物。因此，全面深入揭示空气微生物在空气中的分布特征及演替规律，对提高空气质量、保障人们健康及国家生物安全具有至关重要的作用。本文系统地阐释了空气微生物来源、分布特征及其影响因素、病原微生物种类及潜在健康风险，有助于更好地认识空气微生物污染及其健康风险，为空气微生物污染防控和人类健康保障及生态环境保护提供科学依据。

Abstract:

Airborne microorganisms (AMs), including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, are ubiquitous. They are indispensable components of the atmospheric ecosystem, play an essential role in maintaining the stability and functions of the atmospheric ecosystem. AMs include not only beneficial microorganisms but also pathogenic microorganisms, which pose a threat to human health. Therefore, comprehensively revealing the distribution characteristics and succession patterns of AMs is of great significance for improving air quality, safeguarding human health, and ensuring national biosafety. This review systematically elucidates the sources, distribution characteristics, influencing factors, and categories of pathogenic microorganisms as well as the health risks associated with AMs. It contributes to the in-depth understanding of AMs pollution and its health risks, providing a scientific basis for preventing and controlling the pollution and protecting human health and eco-environment.