电缆细菌：水生态系统中的“生物电缆”驱动元素循环与生态修复

Cable bacteria:“biological cables” driving element recycling and ecological restoration in aquatic ecosystems

摘要:

电缆细菌是一类新兴的丝状电活性微生物，具有长距离电子传递的能力，在元素地球化学循环中扮演着重要角色，其独特的结构和功能特性使其犹如“生物电缆”。自2012年首次在海洋沉积物中被发现以来，电缆细菌就引起了广泛关注，在维持水生态健康、环境修复和气候调节等方面展现出独特的生态潜力。本文围绕电缆细菌的“生物电缆”结构和功能，综述了其在水体沉积物中的长线状结构特性、产电硫氧化特性、多样性与分布特征及其长距离电子传递机制，归纳了其对S、C、N、P等关键元素循环以及金属离子迁移转化的影响，总结了其与其他生物的互作以及在生态系统自然修复方面的作用，并分析了现存的主要问题和下一步的发展方向，以期为进一步发挥“生物电缆”在生态系统自然修复中的功能活性提供科学参考。

Abstract:

Cable bacteria are a new group of filamentous electroactive microorganisms with the ability of long-distance electron transfer (LDET), playing an important role in the geochemical cycling of elements. Their unique structural and functional characteristics make them like “biological cables”. Since the first discovery in marine sediments in 2012, cable bacteria have attracted widespread attention. They have shown unique ecological potential in maintaining the health of aquatic ecosystems, environmental restoration, and climate regulation. Focusing on the “biological cable” structures and functions of cable bacteria, this paper reviews their filamentous structural characteristics, electrogenic sulfur oxidation characteristics, diversity and distribution characteristics, and LDET mechanism in sediments, and summarizes their influences on the cycling of key elements such as S, C, N, and P and the migration and transformation of metal ions. In addition, this paper summarizes the interactions of cable bacteria with other organisms and their roles in the natural restoration of ecosystems and analyzes the existing problems and future development directions, with a view to providing a reference for further giving play to the role of “biological cables” in the natural restoration of ecosystems.