气候变化下的流域饮用水微生物风险来源与评估

Origins and assessments of microbiological risks to drinking water in watershed under climate change

摘要:

全球气候变暖背景下，极端天气事件如持续高温、暴雨和干旱频发，进而通过增加陆源输入或改变微生物的生存条件，直接或间接地增加饮用水系统及水源地水体中的病原微生物风险，对饮用水生物安全构成威胁。因此，饮用水生物安全问题亟待深入研究和关注。得益于病原微生物检测技术和风险评估模型的不断发展与优化，我们能够更全面地理解并评估气候变化背景下的流域饮用水微生物风险。本文旨在探讨极端气候条件下流域饮用水微生物风险的来源，并系统地归纳和分析了不同类型的微生物污染及其引发的健康风险。特别强调了高通量定量微生物风险检测方法和风险评估模型在饮用水病原微生物管控中的重要性。最后，本文提出了未来在气候变化背景下对流域饮用水病原微生物进行有效管控的研究思路和方向，为相关领域的研究提供了理论基础和实践指导。

关键词:极端气候;饮用水水源地;微生物风险;陆源输入;风险检测与评估

Abstract:

In the context of global warming, the rising frequency of extreme weather events, including high temperatures, rainstorms, and droughts, will directly or indirectly increase the risks of pathogenic microorganisms entering drinking water systems and source waters. This is attributable to an increase in terrestrial inputs or alterations to the conditions that facilitate microbial survival and growth. It is therefore imperative to give priority to the issue of drinking water biosafety. The development of novel pathogen detection methods and risk assessment models enables a more comprehensive understanding and assessment of the microbiological risks associated with drinking water in watersheds under climate change. This review outlines the sources of microbiological risks associated with drinking water in watersheds experiencing extreme climatic conditions and summarizes various microbial contaminations and their risks to human health. Furthermore, it emphasizes the significance of high-throughput quantitative microbial risk detection methods and assessment models in the control of microbiological risks to drinking water. Finally, it provides novel insights into the effective management and control of pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water under climate change.

Key words:extreme climate;drinking water sources;microbiological risk;terrestrial inputs;risk detection and assessment