极端环境中异养硝化-好氧反硝化微生物的研究进展

Heterotrophic nitrifying and aerobic denitrifying microorganisms in extreme environments

摘要:

异养硝化-好氧反硝化微生物(heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification microorganisms, HNADMs)在有氧条件下可以同时完成硝化和反硝化过程，为生物脱氮技术开发提供了新思路。研究发现部分HNADMs在极端环境下仍具有良好的脱氮效能，其在非典型污水脱氮领域表现出较高的应用价值，然而，当前关于极端环境中HNADMs的研究仍处于起步阶段。本文系统概述了HNADMs的多样性、生理生化特性和代谢路径的复杂性；重点对具有极端温度、pH、高盐、寡营养、重金属耐受性，以及同步脱氮除磷、降解复杂有机物、抗生素耐药性HNADMs的脱氮效能和耐受机理进行了综述；同时对极端环境耐受HNADMs的应用现状进行了总结；并基于当前极端环境耐受HNADMs研究中的瓶颈问题进行了展望，以期为HNADMs在复杂污水处理中的应用提供基础资料。

Abstract:

Heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification microorganisms (HNADMs) can complete both nitrification and denitrification under aerobic conditions, which paves a new way for biological nitrogen removal. Researchers have discovered that some HNADMs maintain high nitrogen removal efficiency in extreme environments, exhibiting high application potential in the nitrogen removal of atypical wastewater. However, the available studies on HNADMs in extreme conditions remain in the initial stage. This article introduces the diversity, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and the complexity of metabolic pathways of HNADMs. Particularly, it reviews the research progress in HNADMs regarding the tolerance mechanisms to extreme temperature, pH, high salt, oligotrophic, and heavy metal stress conditions, nitrogen removal efficiency of simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal, degradation of complex organic matter, and antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, the application status of HNADMs in extreme environments is summarized. Finally, the bottlenecks in the application of HNADMs in extreme environments are prospected. The review is expected to provide basic data for the application of HNADMs in complex wastewater treatment.