阿卡波糖代谢途径、酶系及发酵菌种改造的研究进展

Advances in biosynthetic pathways, enzymes, and fermentation strain modification of acarbose

摘要:

阿卡波糖(acarbose)是一种α-糖苷酶抑制剂，通过竞争性抑制肠道内蔗糖酶、麦芽糖酶和葡萄糖淀粉酶的活性调节餐后血糖水平，是一种药理活性极好的降糖药成分。阿卡波糖主要由游动放线菌发酵获得，其代谢途径主要分为4个模块：C_7-环醇的合成、双脱氧氨基葡萄糖的合成、麦芽糖的整合进入和胞外阿卡波糖及其同系物的转运(Carbophore循环)。本文根据近年来针对阿卡波糖的代谢途径、酶系和发酵菌株改造的研究现状展开综述，以期为进一步完善阿卡波糖的代谢通路、深入探索相关酶系的催化机制和发酵菌株的分子改造提供思路。

Abstract:

Acarbose, an α-glucosidase inhibitor, regulates the postprandial blood glucose level by competitively inhibiting the activities of sucrase, maltase, and glucamylase in the intestine, serving as an ideal drug ingredient with blood glucose-lowering activity. Acarbose is mainly produced by the fermentation of Actinoplanes sp., and its biosynthetic pathway is mainly divided into four modules: C₇-cyclitol synthesis, deoxyglucosamine synthesis, maltose integration, and extracellular transport of acarbose and its homologues (carbophore cycle). This paper reviewed the advances in the research fields mentioned above, aiming to provide ideas for further exploring the biosynthetic pathways of acarbose, catalytic mechanisms of related enzymes, and molecular modification of fermentation strains.