单细胞视角下污水反硝化聚磷菌资源挖掘与代谢机制的研究进展

Advances in resource exploration and metabolic mechanism of denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating organisms in wastewater from a single-cell perspective

摘要:

随着水体富营养化和水资源短缺问题的加剧，高效污水处理技术的开发变得尤为迫切。传统脱氮除磷工艺因微生物间的污泥龄差异和碳源竞争难以实现氮和磷的高效同步去除。反硝化聚磷菌(denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating organisms, DPAOs)具备同时去除氮和磷的能力，展现出显著的污水处理潜力。然而，基于群体水平的研究往往忽视了细胞间的异质性，导致对DPAOs脱氮除磷机制的理解不够深入。采用传统的“先养后筛”法获得的高效DPAOs菌株数量有限，且在实际污水处理环境中其稳定性和适应性面临诸多挑战。单细胞分析技术为深入理解微生物的生态位和代谢机制提供了全新视角。非破坏性单细胞表型识别技术，如单细胞拉曼光谱技术(single cell Raman spectroscopy, SCRS)与培养技术耦合，为DPAOs菌株的挖掘开辟了新途径。本文综述了DPAOs菌株资源挖掘及其代谢机制的研究现状与进展，重点探讨了单细胞技术在揭示DPAOs脱氮除磷机制及资源挖掘中的潜力，为DPAOs的研究和实际应用提供了新的理论基础和技术支持，从而推动高效污水处理技术的发展。

关键词:单细胞技术;反硝化聚磷菌;拉曼光谱;微生物资源挖掘;代谢机制

Abstract:

Amidst the escalating issues of water eutrophication and water resource scarcity, the development of high-efficiency wastewater treatment technologies has become increasingly imperative. Traditional nitrogen and phosphorus removal processes face challenges in achieving efficient simultaneous elimination of nitrogen and phosphorus due to the disparities in sludge age and the competition for carbon sources among microorganisms. Denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating organisms (DPAOs) possess the capability to remove both nitrogen and phosphorus, demonstrating significant potential in wastewater treatment. However, population-level studies often overlook cellular heterogeneity, leading to an inadequate understanding of the nitrogen and phosphorus removal mechanisms of DPAOs. Moreover, the “traditional culture-first, screen-second” method yields a limited number of efficient DPAO strains, the stability and adaptability of which face challenges in actual wastewater treatment environments. Single-cell analysis technologies provide new perspectives for a deeper understanding of microbial ecological niches and metabolic mechanisms. Coupling non-destructive single-cell phenotypic identification technologies, such as single-cell Raman spectroscopy (SCRS), with the culture method paves new avenues for the exploration of DPAO strains. This review summarizes the research status and progress in the exploration of DPAO strain resources and their metabolic mechanisms, focusing on the potential of single-cell technologies in revealing the mechanisms of nitrogen and phosphorus removal by DPAOs and in the exploration of DPAO resources. The aim is to provide a new theoretical foundation and technical support for the research and application of DPAOs, thereby promoting the development of efficient wastewater treatment technologies.

Key words:single-cell technology;denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating organisms;Raman spectrum;microbial resource mining;metabolic mechanism