基于大食物观的森林食用菌产业现状、问题与对策

Current situation analysis, problems, and countermeasures of edible forest mushroom industry based on the big food view

摘要:

森林食用菌是森林食品的重要组成部分，也是助力森林实现 “水库、钱库、粮库和碳库” 功能的重要资源。向森林要食物，是践行大食物观的重要抓手之一。本文基于我国森林食用菌产业呈现良性发展但地区发展不均衡、林下人工食用菌种植规模较大但缺乏区域特色和精深加工、菌根食用菌优势明显但科技支撑不足等现状，在优化产业规划、强化科技资源投入、加快产业数智化及多模式发展、加强气候变化监测及种质资源保护等方面提出建议，以期为壮大森林食用菌产业并为践行大食物观提供科技支撑。

关键词:森林食用菌;森林食品;林下经济;林菇共育;菌根食用菌

Abstract:

Edible forest mushrooms are one of the main forest foods and an essential resource for forests to achieve the functions of conserving water, bringing in economic benefits, boosting grain production, and also serving as a carbon sink. This study summarizes the current situation of the edible forest mushroom industry in China, such as benign development with imbalanced regional development, scaled planting under forests but lack of regional characteristics and deep processing products, and the advantages of edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms with weak scientific and technological support. Suggestions are put forward on optimizing planning, promoting the investment of scientific and technological resources, accelerating digital intelligence and multi-mode development, conducting climate change monitoring, and protecting germplasm resources, in order to make positive contributions to the development of the edible forest mushroom industry and provide scientific and technological support for the practice of the big food concept.

Key words:edible forest mushrooms;forest food;under-forest economy;co-cultivation of forest and edible mushrooms;edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms