Ⅰ型蛋白磷酸酶研究进展

Advances of protein phosphatase-1 – A Review

摘要:

Ⅰ型蛋白磷酸酶(PP1)属丝/苏氨酸磷酸酶的一种, 在生物体中广泛存在, 参与调节多种重要的生理功能, 包括转录、翻译、代谢、细胞生长及分化等。PP1分子结构表面的3个凹槽及β12-β13 Loop环结构,它在底物与抑制剂的结合方面起决定作用。近期研究发现, Loop环结构除了是抑制剂的结合部位之外, 对整个酶分子的结构和性质都起重要作用。功能研究也证明PP1还参与HIV-1转录过程的调节, 并且与老年性痴呆等多种疾病密切相关。主要对PP1的组织分布、分子结构、酶学特性、催化机制以及生物学功能等方面进行了相应的综述。

Abstract:

Protein phosphatase-1(PP1) is a member of the Ser/Thr phosphatases and widely distributed in many organisms. The enzyme regulates many important physiological processes, including gene transcription, translation, metabolism, cell growth and division. Three grooves and b12- b13 loop in the molecular surface play important roles for binding inhibitors and substrates. Recent research found that b12-b13 loop is important for structure and character of the whole enzyme molecule, except for binding inhibitors. Functional research proves that PP1 also regulates transcription process of HIV-1, and relates with causes of many diseases, for example Alzheimer’s Disease. This review summarized distribution, mo-lecular structure, enzymatic character, catalytic mechanism and physiological function of the enzyme.