微生物酶法合成低聚半乳糖的新进展

Recent progress on galacto-oligosaccharides synthesis by microbial b-galactosidase—— A review

摘要:

低聚半乳糖(GOS)是目前国际上已开发的功能性低聚糖之一，其商业化产品是应用微生物b-半乳糖苷酶以乳糖为原料进行转糖基反应获得，不同来源的酶合成GOS的结构不同，转糖基效率也存在差异。天然酶合成GOS的产量一般为20%~45%，分子改造获得的人工酶能将90%的乳糖底物转化为GOS；采用两相体系或反相胶束可以在一定程度上提高GOS产量。应用填充床反应器、活塞流反应器、膜反应器可规模化合成GOS；采用色谱柱法、酶法、纳滤膜法和微生物发酵法可纯化GOS产品，去除单糖及乳糖组分，扩大其应用范围。

Abstract:

Galacto-oligosaccharides are among the most promising non-digestible oligosaccharides that are recognized as prebiotics. Commercial GOS are synthesized from lactose using the transglycosylation activity of b-galactosidase from microorganisms. The structure of GOS varies with different enzyme source. The oligosaccharide yields of GOS produced by natural enzymes are generally 20%~45% and they could be improved by artificial enzyme. Reaction conditions also have effect on the oligosaccharide yield. Using enzymes in water-hydrophobic solvent mixtures or reverse micelles may improve the yield to some extent. GOS can be large-scale synthesized by packed bed reactor, plugflow reactor or membrane reactor. The glucose and lactose in the GOS products can be removed by using chromatography, enzyme oxidation, nanofiltration membrane or microbial fermentation.