古菌独特的脱氧酮糖酸(ED)葡萄糖酵解途径

The unique Entner-Doudoroff (ED) glycolysis pathway of glucose in Archaea—— A review

摘要:

葡萄糖通过“中心代谢途径”降解为丙酮酸的过程对于生物体物质及能量的代谢具有重要的作用。古菌的葡萄糖酵解过程具有与真核生物以及细菌葡萄糖代谢显著不同的特征。生化性质分析、基因组学、代谢组学等研究结果表明，古菌糖酵解Embden-Meyerhof（EM）与Entner-Doudoroff（ED）途径具有许多与真核生物及细菌经典的EM与ED途径不同的特异性酶类，其中ED糖酵解代谢又可分为非磷酸化与半磷酸化的糖酵解途径。古菌独特的ED糖酵解途径在代谢路径、酶、调节位点、表达调控、能量转化等方面与真核生物及细菌经典的糖酵解途径均存在明显的差异，反映了其适应极端的生理环境而形成可塑性代谢路径的能力。本文综述了古菌ED葡萄糖降解过程中的各种酶、调控机制以及能量转化特征的最新进展，并对进一步的研究方向做了展望。

Abstract:

Glucose is degraded to pyruvate via the so called “central metabolic pathways” that play vital roles in the carbohydrate and energy metabolism of organisms. Some variances to the classical glycolytic pathways in bacteria and eukarya are presented in the glycolysis of archaea. Results from biochemical, genomic and metabolomic studies indicate that some novel and characteristic enzymes are involved in the archaeal Embden-Meyerhof (EM) and Entner-Doudoroff (ED) glycolysis pathway. The ED pathway in archaea is divided into two sub-routes-the semi-phosphorylative and non- hos-phorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathways. The unique glycolysis pathway in archaea is different from those in bacteria and eukarya in metabolic route, enzyme, regulation site, and energy transformation. These characteristics show the ability of these extremophiles to evolve flexible metabolic pathways in the extreme life environment. We reviewed recent advances in the ED glycolytic pathway of archaeon concerning enzymes, regulation and energy transformation. The potentials of glycolysis pathway in archaea were also discussed.