宏基因组学在纤维素酶研究中的应用进展

Metagenomics in studying cellulase

摘要:

纤维素酶能降解纤维素，被广泛应用于生物修复、食品加工、化工合成等领域，开发高活力、广底物、耐高温高碱等极端条件的新型纤维素酶具有重要意义。宏基因组学以特定环境样品中微生物的基因组总和为研究对象，避开传统的微生物分离培养过程，为基因资源的开发、利用提供了新技术。文中结合本课题组的研究工作，综述了利用宏基因组学获取纤维素酶的策略，同时着重介绍利用宏基因组学从动物胃肠道、土壤等环境中获取纤维素酶的研究。

关键词:宏基因组学，纤维素酶，高通量筛选，未培养微生物

Abstract:

Cellulases can degrade cellulose and widely applied in bioremediation, food processing, chemical synthesis and other fields. Therefore, it is really significant to develop new types of cellulases that have high activity, broad substrate spectrum, high temperature and alkali resistance, and other anti-extreme-conditions capacity. The metagenomic technology focuses on the sum of microbial genomes in environmental samples, avoiding traditional process of microbial isolation and culture, and provides a new technology for the development and utilization of genetic resources. Combined with our own findings, this paper summarizes the strategies of gaining cellulases by use of metagenomic technology, and highlights advances in studying cellulases from animal gastrointestinal tract, soil and other environment with metagenomics.

Key words:Metagenomics, Cellulases, High-throughput screening, Uncultured microoganisms