微生物驱动的滨海湿地N2O产生及其机制研究进展

N2O generation by microbes in coastal wetlands: a review

摘要:

滨海湿地位于海陆交界，具有初级生产力高、生物多样性丰富以及微生物驱动的营养元素循环活跃等特点，同时也是大气中一氧化二氮(N2O)的重要排放源。N2O是仅次于二氧化碳(CO2)和甲烷(CH4)的第三大温室气体，而全球90%以上的N2O排放由微生物主导，并与滨海湿地氮循环的微生物群落多样性及功能密切相关。因此，滨海湿地系统中N2O的产生与转化逐渐受到关注。本文综述了滨海湿地生态系统中微生物驱动下N2O的产生过程，以及氮元素及其与碳、硫和金属元素耦合过程中产生N2O的代谢途径，N2O排放的时空变化与微生物调控，并对未来相关研究方向进行了展望，旨在揭示微生物驱动的N2O产生及环境调控机制，为减缓全球变暖提供科学依据。

关键词:一氧化二氮(N2O)，N2O产生机制，温室气体，N2O排放，滨海湿地

Abstract:

Coastal wetland ecosystems, located at the boundary of land and sea, are characterized by high biodiversity, high primary productivity, active nutrient element cycling driven by microbes, and important sources of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. N2O is the third greenhouse gas only less than carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), and it is estimated that microbes are responsible for more than 90% of global N2O emissions, which are closely associated with the diversity, composition and function of microbial communities involved in nitrogen cycling in coastal wetland ecosystems. This review focuses on microbially-driven N2O production and mechanisms that are coupled with carbon, sulfur and metal cycling, temporal and spatial patterns of N2O emissions regulated by environmental factors, and future research directions in coastal wetland ecosystems, aiming to reveal microbially-driven N2O production and regulatory mechanisms by environmental factors, and mitigate global warming.

Key words:Nitrous oxide, N2O production mechanism, Greenhouse gas, N2O emission, Coastal wetland