粘细菌产生的水解酶类研究进展

Research progress on hydrolytic enzymes produced by Myxobacteria

摘要:

粘细菌隶属于δ变形菌纲(Deltaproteobacteria)，是重要的药源微生物类群，但是其分离培养困难，严重限制了粘细菌资源的发掘和开发利用。粘细菌是微生物捕食者，通过产生丰富多样的胞外水解酶，如淀粉酶、蛋白酶、几丁质酶、纤维素酶、磷酸酶、蛋白酶等来裂解其他微生物或分解纤维素等作为营养物质来源。目前，粘细菌分离纯化技术主要是利用被捕食菌或纤维素诱导法。可以说，粘细菌胞外水解酶是研究其分离培养方法的物质基础。然而，目前研究者们对粘细菌产生的水解酶类关注较少。本文主要对粘细菌产生的水解酶种类、性质及其功能进行归纳总结，为今后粘细菌分离培养技术和开发利用等相关研究提供参考。

关键词:粘细菌，水解酶，难培养微生物

Abstract:

Myxobacteriales belongs to Deltaproteobacteria, which is an important group of pharmaceutical-producing microorganisms. However, the isolation and purification of myxobacteria are difficult, which severely limits the exploration and utilization of myxobacteria resources. Myxobacteria are microbial predators, which produce a variety of extracellular hydrolases, such as amylase, protease, chitinase, cellulase, phosphatase, protease etc., to lyse other microorganisms or decompose cellulose as nutrients source. At present, the isolation and purification technology of myxobacteria are mainly based on predator-prey interaction or cellulose induction. Hereby, extracellular hydrolase of myxobacteria is the material basis for studying its isolation and cultivation methods. However, the hydrolases produced by myxobacteria have been less concerned. In this paper, the types, properties and functions of the hydrolases produced by myxobacteria are summarized, which would provide reference sense for the related researches on the isolation and cultivation techniques. Moreover, the exploitation and utilization of myxobacteria resources were also discussed.

Key words:Myxobacteria, hydrolase, uncultured bacteria