同义密码子使用模式对多肽链共翻译折叠的影响研究进展

Synonymous codon usage patterns influence co-translational folding of nascent polypeptide chain:a review

摘要:

同义密码子使用模式作为核苷酸与氨基酸的纽带，其多样性介导了核糖体扫描速率，同时扩充了基因的遗传信息存储量。随着新型技术的应用，发现特异性密码子和密码子结合力可调节核糖体扫描速率并影响蛋白质构象。同义密码子使用模式通过多种方式在不同环节影响着核糖体扫描速率，同时还影响着自身mRNA的稳定性。本文简述了密码子使用模式如何在核糖体扫描翻译mRNA的过程中实现对多肽链翻译延伸的调控，为今后生物工程学领域如何优化蛋白高效表达提供可参考的思路与理念。

关键词:同义密码子使用模式;遗传信息;基因表达;核糖体扫描;tRNA

Abstract:

Synonymous codons usage pattern as a bridge between nucleotides and amino acids, and their diversity mediates the ribosome scanning rate while expanding the genetic information storage of genes. With the application of new technologies, studies have demonstrated that specific codons and codon binding can modulate ribosome scanning rate and protein folding. Synonymous codon usage patterns affect the ribosome scanning rate in different ways and the stability of corresponding mRNAs. This paper briefly describes how the synonymous codon usage patterns regulate polypeptide chain extension in the process of ribosome scanning and translation of mRNA, which provides reference for the optimization of protein expression in bioengineering in the future.

Key words:synonymous codon usage pattern;genetic information;gene expression;ribosome scanning;tRNA