肠道微生物在孤独症谱系障碍中的作用机制及治疗策略

Gut microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategies for autism spectrum disorders

摘要:

肠道微生物在孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorders,ASD)中的作用正受到越来越多的关注，并可能成为未来ASD治疗的一个重要方向。研究表明，ASD患者的肠道微生物群落与健康人存在差异，包括菌群相对丰度和多样性等方面。这些微生物可通过微生物-肠-脑轴的多种途径影响神经系统的发育和功能，进而影响ASD患者的行为和认知能力。因此，调节肠道微生物群可能是一种有效的ASD治疗方法。目前已有研究探讨了利用益生菌、粪菌移植等方法治疗ASD的效果并取得了初步的进展，但仍需要更多的研究来确定最佳的治疗策略、长期疗效和安全性。

关键词:肠道微生物;孤独症谱系障碍;微生物-肠-脑轴;治疗方法

Abstract:

The role of gut microbiota in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is receiving increasing attention and may become an important direction for ASD treatment in the future. Studies have shown that the gut microbiota in ASD patients is different from that in healthy people in terms of microbial relative abundance, diversity and so forth. These microorganisms can influence the development and function of the nervous system via multiple pathways along the microbiota-gut-brain axis, which affects the behaviors and cognitive abilities of ASD patients. Therefore, modulating the gut microbiota may be an effective therapy for ASD. Researchers have explored the efficacy of probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and other therapies for ASD and have made preliminary progress. However, studies remain to be carried out to determine the optimal therapeutic strategies with long-term efficacy and high safety.

Key words:gut microbiota;autism spectrum disorders;microbiota-gut-brain axis;therapy