核糖体相关质量控制在精微调控蛋白质合成中的作用机制及意义

Mechanism and significance of ribosome-associated quality control in protein synthesis

摘要:

蛋白质是细胞发挥其生物学活性的基石，细胞的活动及其稳态对生命体发生发展至关重要。为了生存繁衍，生命体已经进化出多种应对内、外源性刺激的调控机制以适应各种环境的变化。在诸多适应性调节机制中，核糖体相关质量控制已成为维持蛋白质稳态、确保细胞正常生理活动不可或缺的部分。目前对核糖体的研究已不仅仅局限于基因表达方面，而是更加聚焦于核糖体对蛋白合成异常的监测及控制异常蛋白对细胞稳态的影响。这些新的关注点就包含抗病毒机制、神经退行性疾病及癌症等方面。因此，本文旨在通过对核糖体相关质量控制的分子机制及其失调所导致的不良后果等进行综述，为相关研究人员在研究蛋白质合成降解以及相关疾病时提供思路和见解。

关键词:核糖体相关质量控制;蛋白质;生命活动;细胞稳态;疾病

Abstract:

Protein synthesis is the cornerstone for cells to exert their biological activities. The proper activities and homeostasis of cells is crucial for organisms. Cells have evolved various regulatory mechanisms to deal with internal/external stimuli and adapt to environmental changes. Of note, ribosome-associated quality control is essential for cell homeostasis and activities. In addition to the translation mechanism, the studies about ribosomes focus more on the topics that ribosomes can monitor the abnormal protein synthesis and diminish the effects of protein synthesis errors on cell homeostasis. These hot topics involve antiviral activities, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancers. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of ribosome-associated quality control, which deal with protein degradation and disorders, and gives new insights into relationships between ribosome-associated quality control and the related diseases.

Key words:ribosome-associated quality control;protein;life activities;cell homeostasis;disease