A potential anti-Staphylococcus aureus target: SaeRS two-component regulatory system

Abstract:

The SaeRS system has been extensively and intensively studied for its involvement in the regulation of virulence factor expression and biofilm formation in the Gram-positive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, mediating severe pathogenicity. The activation of the system depends on the recognition of external signals by the sensor histidine kinase SaeS and the phosphorylation status of the response regulator SaeR. With the help of auxiliary proteins SaeP and SaeQ, S. aureus is prompted to express a variety of virulence factors, coordinate its biofilm formation, and even evade the host immune response. In addition, other regulatory systems and modulators of S. aureus can synergize with the SaeRS system to participate in the regulation of virulence factor expression, enhancing bacterial pathogenicity. This paper reviews the SaeRS system and its interactions with other regulatory systems and factors to regulate the expression of virulence factors and biofilm formation. It summarizes targeted drugs against the SaeRS system and analyzes specific examples of anti-SaeRS system drugs to provide clues for the screening and design of new targeted drugs. This review is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the research on the specific regulatory mechanisms of the SaeRS system and the treatment of S. aureus-associated infections.

Key words:Staphylococcus aureus;SaeRS two-component system;virulence factor;biofilm;antibacterial target