Abstract:Replant disease devastates crop growth, and its disease etiology has not been fully elucidated. The latest research revealed its close association with the changes of rhizosphere microecology, especially the changes in rhizosphere microbial community structure. With the advance of modern high-throughput DNA sequencing technology, the relationship between rhizosphere microbiome and replant diseases has become a popular research focus. This review comprehensively analyzes the currently available literatures regarding to the relationship between rhizosphere microbiome, crop growth and replant diseases. In summary, a new perspective for the disease etiology and possible prevention regimen has been arisen from better understanding the association between replant disease and the dynamic changes of rhizosphere soil microbial population.