Distribution characteristics of antibiotic resistance genes in livestock manure and the reduction techniques: a review

Abstract:

As the intensive livestock breeding industry develops, veterinary antibiotics have been frequently used, allowing the emergence of antibiotic resistance genes in livestock manure. These genes pose great risks to ecological environment and human health. Thus, it has been a research hotspot to reduce antibiotic resistance genes in the livestock manure. This paper summarizes the source, distribution and influencing factors of antibiotic resistance genes in livestock manure, as well as the removal of antibiotic resistance genes from livestock manure by aerobic composting, anaerobic digestion, and their enhanced processes. Finally, in view of the problems in the available techniques, we summed up the future research directions, hoping to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the removal of antibiotic resistance genes in livestock manure.

Key words:livestock manure;antibiotic resistance genes;biotechnology;aerobic composting;anaerobic digestion