Research progress in probiotics for prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis

Abstract:

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a highly prevalent allergic skin disease characterised by recurrent attacks and severe itching. The pathogenesis of AD involves a variety of factors including genetic susceptibility, epidermal barrier dysfunction, microbiome dysbiosis, immune imbalance, and the environment, while the available therapeutic drugs have severe side effects and limited efficacy. Studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota, particularly probiotics, play a role in AD. Probiotics can alleviate AD symptoms by inhibiting pathogens, enhancing barriers, improving the intestinal environment, and balancing the Th1/Th2 immune response, among other mechanisms. In this review, we summarized the skin and intestinal microecological characteristics of AD patients and systematically elucidated the mechanisms of probiotics in alleviating AD from the pathogenesis and influencing factors of AD, aiming to provide theoretical support for probiotics in the treatment of AD and related allergic skin diseases.