酿酒酵母代谢工程技术

Metabolic engineering tools for Saccharomyces cerevisiae

摘要:

自20世纪90年代初期诞生以来，代谢工程历经了30年的快速发展。作为代谢工程的首选底盘细胞之一，酿酒酵母细胞工厂已被广泛应用于大量大宗化学品和新型高附加值生物活性物质的生物制造，在能源、医药和环境等领域取得了巨大的突破。近年来，合成生物学、生物信息学以及机器学习等相关技术也极大地促进了代谢工程的技术发展和应用。文中回顾了近30年来酿酒酵母代谢工程重要的技术发展，首先总结了经典代谢工程的常用方法和策略，以及在此基础上发展而来的系统代谢工程和合成生物学驱动的代谢工程技术。最后结合最新技术发展趋势，展望了未来酿酒酵母代谢工程发展的新方向。

关键词:酿酒酵母，代谢工程，系统生物学，合成生物学，基因组进化

Abstract:

Since its birth in the early 1990s, metabolic engineering technology has gone 30 years rapid development. As one of the preferred chassis for metabolic engineering, S. cerevisiae cells have been engineered into microbial cell factories for the production of a variety of bulk chemicals and novel high value-added bioactive compounds. In recent years, synthetic biology, bioinformatics, machine learning and other technologies have also greatly contributed to the technological development and applications of metabolic engineering. This review summarizes the important technological development for metabolic engineering of S. cerevisiae in the past 30 years. Firstly, classical metabolic engineering tools and strategies were reviewed, followed by reviewing systems metabolic engineering and synthetic biology driven metabolic engineering approaches. The review is concluded with discussing future perspectives for metabolic engineering of S. cerevisiae in the light of state-of-the-art technological development.

Key words:Saccharomyces cerevisiae, metabolic engineering, systems biology, synthetic biology, genome evolution