β-烟酰胺单核苷酸的生理活性与合成研究进展

Advances in physiological activities and synthesis of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide

摘要:

烟酰胺单核苷酸（nicotinamide mononucleotide，NMN）作为辅酶Ⅰ（即NAD⁺）的关键前体之一，广泛存在于多种生物中，β异构体为其活性形式。研究表明β-NMN在多种生理代谢过程中起关键作用，作为抗衰老、改善退行性疾病和代谢性疾病的潜在活性物质，β-NMN的应用价值被深度发掘，实现规模化生产迫在眉睫。生物合成法因其具有高立体结构选择性、反应条件温和、副产物少等优点，成为合成β-NMN的首选方法。本文综述了β-NMN的生理活性、化学合成法和生物合成法，其中重点介绍生物合成法中涉及到的代谢途径，旨在探索利用合成生物学优化β-NMN生产策略的潜力，为β-NMN的代谢途径研究与高效生产提供理论基础。

关键词:β-烟酰胺单核苷酸;烟酰胺核糖;磷酸核糖焦磷酸;化学合成;生物合成

Abstract:

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is one of the key precursors of coenzyme Ⅰ (NAD⁺). NMN exists widely in a variety of organisms, and β isomer is its active form. Studies have shown that β-NMN plays a key role in a variety of physiological and metabolic processes. As a potential active substance in anti-aging and improving degenerative and metabolic diseases, the application value of β-NMN has been deeply explored, and it is imminent to achieve large-scale production. Biosynthesis has become the preferred method to synthesize β-NMN because of its high stereoselectivity, mild reaction conditions, and fewer by-products. This paper reviews the physiological activity, chemical synthesis as well as biosynthesis of β-NMN, highlighting the metabolic pathways involved in biosynthesis. This review aims to explore the potential of improving the production strategy of β-NMN by using synthetic biology and provide a theoretical basis for the research of metabolic pathways as well as efficient production of β-NMN.

Key words:β-nicotinamide mononucleotide;nicotinamide riboside;5-phosphoribosyl-1- pyrophosphate;chemical synthesis;biosynthesis