一碳气体生物转化合成油脂类化学品的研究进展

Research progress in bioconversion of C1 gases into oleochemicals

摘要:

通过改造或强化工业微生物，实现以一碳气体为原料生物合成能源和平台化学品，对减少化石资源消耗和温室气体排放具有重大意义。嗜甲烷菌、微藻和产乙酸菌能天然利用甲烷、二氧化碳或一氧化碳等一碳气体，将其转化为不同碳链长度的油脂类化学品，在绿色生物制造领域备受关注。本文围绕生物油脂类化学品的低碳生物合成，全面总结了微生物作为细胞工厂利用一碳气体合成油脂类化学品的研究进展，详细介绍了一碳细胞工厂的油脂合成相关代谢途径，并从基因表达调控、代谢路径重构以及发酵过程优化等角度，系统阐述并探讨了一碳气体合成油脂类化学品技术的研究进展和应用前景，为实现一碳气体的高效生物利用及发展碳循环生物经济模式提供了理论支持。

关键词:一碳气体;油脂类化学品;嗜甲烷菌;微藻;产乙酸菌;生物合成

Abstract:

The utilization of C1 gases (CH₄, CO₂, and CO) for the production of oleochemicals applied in the energy and platform chemicals through microbial engineering has emerged as a promising approach to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and decrease dependence on fossil fuel. C1 gas-utilizing microorganisms, such as methanotrophs, microalgae, and acetogens, are capable of converting C1 gases as the sole substrates for cell growth and oleochemical synthesis with different carbon-chain lengths, garnering considerable attention from both scientific community and industry field for sustainable biomanufacturing. This paper comprehensively reviews recent advancements in the development of engineered cell factories utilizing C1 gases for the production of oleochemicals, elucidating the key metabolic pathways of biosynthesis. Furthermore, this paper highlights the research progress and prospects in optimizing gene expression, metabolic pathway reconstruction, and fermentation conditions for efficient oleochemical production from C1 gases. This review provides valuable insights and guidance for the efficient utilization of C1 gases and the development of carbon cycling-based bioeconomy.

Key words:C1 gas;oleochemicals;methanotrophs;microalgae;acetogens;biosynthesis